The Later Middle Ages: A History of Western Europe 1254-1494

LibriVox recording of The Later Middle Ages: A History of Western Europe 1254-1494 by Robert Balmain Mowat. Read in English by Pamela Nagami The Scottish historian, Robert Balmain Mowat writes, “When this period opens one of the finest epochs in German history had just closed, and a time of confusion begun.” With the death of the Emperor Frederick II, Germany’s many feudal territories became practically hereditary sovereignties, her Free Imperial Cities almost independent states. But within the walls of these city-states, as in their Italian counterparts, commercial life flourished. During thi